结构化摘要 (Structured Abstract),顾名思义,是一种要求作者使用预设的、标准化的标题,将摘要内容分段呈现的格式。
与传统的、一整段式的摘要相比,它的最大优势在于清晰度和信息完整性。它强迫作者将研究的关键信息,有条理地归入特定栏目,极大地便利了编辑、审稿人和读者的快速筛选与评审,尤其是在进行系统性文献回顾(Systematic Review)时。
第一部分:结构化摘要的“蓝图” — IMRAD框架
几乎所有结构化摘要的标题,都源自或可归纳于经典的IMRAD框架。IMRAD是学术论文的标准结构,代表了四个核心部分:
结构化摘要,就是将这套逻辑框架,以标题的形式,明确地应用在摘要的写作中。
第二部分:逐节拆解 — 构建您的结构化摘要
不同的期刊可能会有略微不同的标题要求(例如,有的用“Objective”,有的用“Purpose”),但其内在逻辑和所需填写的内容是相通的。
以下是一套最通用的结构化摘要及其写作要点:
1. 背景 (Background) 或 介绍 (Introduction)
2. 目的 (Objective / Purpose / Aims)
3. 方法 (Methods / Materials and Methods)
4. 结果 (Results)
5. 结论 (Conclusions / Implications)
第三部分:实战范例
一个典型的(虚构的)医学研究结构化摘要:
BACKGROUND: High salt intake is a known risk factor for hypertension, but its long-term effect on cognitive function remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between long-term dietary sodium intake and the risk of dementia in older adults. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study involving 5,280 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older, free of dementia at baseline. Dietary sodium intake was assessed using validated food frequency questionnaires at baseline and every four years. Participants were followed for a median of 12.5 years to identify incident cases of dementia. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 692 participants developed dementia. After adjusting for multiple confounding variables, individuals in the highest quintile of sodium intake had a significantly higher risk of dementia compared to those in the lowest quintile (Hazard Ratio = 1.42; 95% Confidence Interval: 1.15-1.76; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: High long-term dietary sodium intake is associated with an increased risk of dementia in older adults. These findings suggest that dietary sodium reduction may be a potential strategy for dementia prevention.
第四部分:关键注意事项与自查清单
黄金法则: 永远严格遵循您目标期刊的“作者指南”(Guide for Authors)。
结构化摘要 (Structured Abstract),顾名思义,是一种要求作者使用预设的、标准化的标题,将摘要内容分段呈现的格式。
与传统的、一整段式的摘要相比,它的最大优势在于清晰度和信息完整性。它强迫作者将研究的关键信息,有条理地归入特定栏目,极大地便利了编辑、审稿人和读者的快速筛选与评审,尤其是在进行系统性文献回顾(Systematic Review)时。
第一部分:结构化摘要的“蓝图” — IMRAD框架
几乎所有结构化摘要的标题,都源自或可归纳于经典的IMRAD框架。IMRAD是学术论文的标准结构,代表了四个核心部分:
结构化摘要,就是将这套逻辑框架,以标题的形式,明确地应用在摘要的写作中。
第二部分:逐节拆解 — 构建您的结构化摘要
不同的期刊可能会有略微不同的标题要求(例如,有的用“Objective”,有的用“Purpose”),但其内在逻辑和所需填写的内容是相通的。
以下是一套最通用的结构化摘要及其写作要点:
1. 背景 (Background) 或 介绍 (Introduction)
2. 目的 (Objective / Purpose / Aims)
3. 方法 (Methods / Materials and Methods)
4. 结果 (Results)
5. 结论 (Conclusions / Implications)
第三部分:实战范例
一个典型的(虚构的)医学研究结构化摘要:
BACKGROUND: High salt intake is a known risk factor for hypertension, but its long-term effect on cognitive function remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between long-term dietary sodium intake and the risk of dementia in older adults. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study involving 5,280 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older, free of dementia at baseline. Dietary sodium intake was assessed using validated food frequency questionnaires at baseline and every four years. Participants were followed for a median of 12.5 years to identify incident cases of dementia. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 692 participants developed dementia. After adjusting for multiple confounding variables, individuals in the highest quintile of sodium intake had a significantly higher risk of dementia compared to those in the lowest quintile (Hazard Ratio = 1.42; 95% Confidence Interval: 1.15-1.76; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: High long-term dietary sodium intake is associated with an increased risk of dementia in older adults. These findings suggest that dietary sodium reduction may be a potential strategy for dementia prevention.
第四部分:关键注意事项与自查清单
黄金法则: 永远严格遵循您目标期刊的“作者指南”(Guide for Authors)。